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Josef Hafellner (1951– ) is an Austrian mycologist and lichenologist. He was awarded the Acharius Medal in 2016 for his lifetime contributions to lichenology. Before his retirement, he was a professor at the Karl-Franzens-Universität in Graz. Hafellner started developing an interest in while he was a student at this institution, studying under Josef Poelt. He earned a master's degree in 1975 and a PhD in 1978, defending a doctoral thesis about the genus Karschia. In 2003, Hafellner received his habilitation. By this time, he had studied with French lichenologist André Bellemère (1927–2014) at Saint-Cloud, where he learned techniques of transmission electron microscopy and how their application in studying ascus could be used in lichen systematics. His 1984 work Studien in Richtung einer natürlicheren Gliederung der Sammelfamilien Lecanoraceae und Lecideaceae has been described as "probably the single most influential publication in lichen systematics in the latter half of the 20th century".
His research interests include the classification and taxonomy of and lichenicolous fungi and lichen floristics of the eastern European Alps. He has made about 100,000 scientific collections of specimens, including about 8000 lichenicolous fungi. Hafellner has introduced more than 600 scientific names to science, and as of 2016, authored or co-authored 289 scientific publications. In 2007 he started to edit and distribute the exsiccata Lichenicolous Biota.
The following species are also named after Hafellner: Arthonia pepei ; Biatora hafellneri ; Biatoropsis hafellneri ; Caloplaca hafellneri ; Capronia hafellneri ; Capronia josefhafellneri ; Dactylospora hafellneriana ; Enterographa fellhaneroides ; Hypotrachyna hafellneri ; Malcolmiella fellhaneroides ; Megalaria hafellneriana ; Opegrapha hafellneri ; Phaeosporobolus fellhanerae ; Schismatomma hafellneri ; Stigmidium hafellneri ; Triblidium hafellneri ; Trichoconis hafellneri ; Xanthoparmelia hafellneri ; Xanthoria hafellneri .
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